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In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, the nucleophile donates a pair of electrons to the substrate, while the leaving group exits with a pair of electrons. Nu: + R—X → R—Nu + X⁻

1. a) In electrophilic substitution, the nucleophile donates a pair of electrons to the substrate.
2. b) In nucleophilic substitution, the leaving group exits without taking an electron pair.
3. c) In nucleophilic substitution, the nucleophile does not donate a pair of electrons.
4. d) In nucleophilic substitution, the nucleophile donates a pair of electrons to the substrate, and the leaving group exits with a pair of electrons.

Correct answer: d) In nucleophilic substitution, the nucleophile donates a pair of electrons to the substrate, and the leaving group exits with a pair of electrons.

Solution

In nucleophilic substitution, the nucleophile donates an electron pair to form a bond with the substrate, while the leaving group departs with an electron pair. This matches option D.

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