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Which of the following reactions is an example of nucleophilic substitution reaction?

1. RX + 2 Na → R– + 2 NaX
2. RX + H2 → RH + HX
3. RX + Mg → RMgX
4. RX + KOH → ROH + KX

Correct answer: RX + KOH → ROH + KX

Solution

In the reaction RX + KOH → ROH + KX, the nucleophile OH⁻ replaces the halide ion X⁻ in the alkyl halide RX, making it a classic example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

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