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In a circuit with only a resistor, power is given by P = V² / R. In a series circuit containing an inductor and resistor, power is expressed as P = V² / Z cos θ. Which statement is accurate?

1. Resistor-only circuit
2. Series circuit with resistor and inductor
3. Representation using phasor
4. Inductive reactance multiplied by cos θ equals R divided by Z

Correct answer: Series circuit with resistor and inductor

Solution

The formula P = V² / Z cos θ is specific to an L-R series circuit, where Z is the impedance and cos θ is the power factor. This distinguishes it from the pure resistor case.

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