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The Joules heating effect for an electric heater in \( A . C \) and in D.C. circuit is

1. Equal
2. nearly Equal
3. not equal
4. opposite

Correct answer: Equal

Solution

Joule heating in a resistor is given by power proportional to the square of current or voltage. In AC, the RMS value produces the same average heating as an equivalent DC value, so the heating effect is equal.

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