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Which of the following are correct properties of diamond, and account for them in terms of structure and bonding. This question has multiple correct options

1. Diamond is very hard, high melting solid.
2. It is an electrical insulator.
3. Diamond has a covalent network structure in which each \( C \) -atom uses \( s p^{3} \) -hybrid orbitals to forms a tetrahydral array of \( \sigma \) -bonds.
4. The interlocking, three-dimensional network of strong bonds makes diamond the hardest known substance with highest m.p for an element.

Correct answer: Diamond is very hard, high melting solid.

Solution

Diamond is a giant covalent solid: each carbon is tetrahedrally bonded to four others by strong sp^3 sigma bonds. This rigid 3D network explains both its extreme hardness and very high melting point.

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