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Since the electronegativity of N, O, and F follows the trend N < O < F, the order of the -I effect based on electronegativity is –NR2 < –OR < –F.

1. The -I effect refers to the ability of an atom or group to withdraw electrons compared to hydrogen.
2. Therefore, greater electronegativity of an atom leads to a stronger -I effect.
3. Cyclohexanone can be purified from a mixture containing benzoic acid, isoamyl alcohol, cyclohexane, and cyclohexanone using IR spectroscopy.
4. This technique works because each functional group displays a distinct peak in the spectrum.

Correct answer: Therefore, greater electronegativity of an atom leads to a stronger -I effect.

Solution

Option B is correct because the -I effect is directly proportional to the electronegativity of the atom or group. Higher electronegativity leads to a stronger electron-withdrawing effect.

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