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The variation of the boiling point of the hydrogen halides is in the order HF > HI > HBr > HCl. What explains the higher boiling point of hydrogen fluoride?

1. The electronegativity of fluorine is much higher than for other elements in the group.
2. There is strong hydrogen bonding between HF molecules.
3. The bond energy of HF molecules is greater than in other hydrogen halides.
4. The effect of nuclear shielding is much reduced in fluorine which polarises the HF molecule.

Correct answer: There is strong hydrogen bonding between HF molecules.

Solution

The higher boiling point of HF is due to strong hydrogen bonding between HF molecules, which requires more energy to break compared to the van der Waals forces in other hydrogen halides.

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