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As ΔH = ΔE ± ΔngRT if np < nr, Δng = np − nr = −ve Hence ΔH < ΔE

1. (a) ΔH < ΔE
2. (b) ΔH > ΔE
3. (c) ΔH = ΔE
4. (d) ΔH ≥ ΔE

Correct answer: (a) ΔH < ΔE

Solution

When the number of moles of products (np) is less than the number of moles of reactants (nr), Δng becomes negative. This makes the term ΔngRT negative, leading to ΔH being less than ΔE.

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