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For a cyclic process ΔE = 0, ΔH = 0 & ΔG = 0. As all depend upon final state and initial state, W doesn’t depend on path followed.

1. (a) ΔE = 0
2. (b) ΔH = 0
3. (c) ΔG = 0
4. (d) All of the above

Correct answer: (d) All of the above

Solution

In a cyclic process, the system returns to its initial state, so state functions like ΔE, ΔH, and ΔG are all zero because they depend only on the initial and final states. Work (W), however, depends on the path taken.

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