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Ideal gas during spontaneous expansion into vacuum does not do any external work.

1. (a) ΔE = q + w
2. (b) ΔE = 0
3. (c) ΔE = constant
4. (d) ΔE = q

Correct answer: (b) ΔE = 0

Solution

During the spontaneous expansion of an ideal gas into a vacuum, no external work is done (w = 0), and no heat exchange occurs (q = 0). Hence, the change in internal energy (ΔE) is zero.

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