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We know that q (heat) and work (w) are not state functions but (q + w) is a state function. H–TS (i.e. G) is also a state function.

1. (a) Internal energy is dependent upon temperature and according to first law of thermodynamics total energy of an isolated system remains same, i.e., in a system of constant mass, energy can neither be created nor destroyed by any physical or chemical change but can be transformed from one form to another.
2. (b) ΔE = q + w
3. (c) ΔE = constant
4. (d) ΔE = q

Correct answer: (b) ΔE = q + w

Solution

The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy (ΔE) of a system is equal to the heat (q) added to the system plus the work (w) done on the system, i.e., ΔE = q + w.

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