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The correct thermodynamic conditions for the spontaneous reaction at all temperatures is

1. ΔH > 0 and ΔS > 0
2. ΔH > 0 and ΔS < 0
3. ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0
4. ΔH < 0 and ΔS < 0

Correct answer: ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0

Solution

For a reaction to be spontaneous at all temperatures, Gibbs free energy (ΔG) must be negative. This happens when ΔH < 0 (exothermic) and ΔS > 0 (increase in entropy), ensuring ΔG = ΔH - TΔS is always negative.

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