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For vaporization of water at 1 atmospheric pressure, the values of ΔH and ΔS are 40.63 kJ mol⁻¹ and 108.8 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹, respectively. The temperature when Gibbs energy change (ΔG) for this transformation will be zero, is:

  1. 293.4 K
  2. 273.4 K
  3. 393.4 K
  4. 373.4 K

Correct answer: 373.4 K

Solution

For ΔG = 0, the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS simplifies to T = ΔH/ΔS. Substituting ΔH = 40.63 kJ mol⁻¹ (40630 J mol⁻¹) and ΔS = 108.8 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹, T = 40630 / 108.8 = 373.4 K.

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