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Which of the following is the correct order of dipole moment?

1. H2O < NF3 < NH3 < BF3
2. NH3 < BF3 < NF3 < H2O
3. BF3 < NF3 < NH3 < H2O
4. BF3 < NH3 < NF3 < H2O

Correct answer: BF3 < NF3 < NH3 < H2O

Solution

Dipole moment depends on molecular geometry and electronegativity differences. BF3 has zero dipole moment due to its symmetrical structure, while H2O has the highest dipole moment due to its bent shape and high electronegativity of oxygen. NH3 has a higher dipole moment than NF3 because the lone pair on nitrogen in NH3 reinforces the dipole, whereas in NF3, the dipole moments of the N-F bonds partially cancel out.

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