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Which one of the following is the correct order of interactions?

1. Covalent < hydrogen bonding < van der Waals < dipole-dipole
2. Van der Waals < hydrogen bonding < dipole-dipole < covalent
3. Van der Waals < dipole-dipole < hydrogen bonding < covalent
4. Dipole-dipole < van der Waals < hydrogen bonding < covalent

Correct answer: Van der Waals < dipole-dipole < hydrogen bonding < covalent

Solution

The correct order is based on the relative strength of interactions: van der Waals forces are the weakest, followed by dipole-dipole interactions, then hydrogen bonding, and covalent bonds being the strongest.

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