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How many grams of concentrated nitric acid solution should be used to prepare 250 mL of 2.0M HNO₃? The concentrated acid is 70% HNO₃.

1. 90.0 g conc. HNO₃
2. 70.0 g conc. HNO₃
3. 54.0 g conc. HNO₃
4. 45.0 g conc. HNO₃

Correct answer: 90.0 g conc. HNO₃

Solution

To prepare 250 mL of 2.0M HNO₃, moles of HNO₃ required = Molarity × Volume (in L) = 2.0 × 0.250 = 0.5 moles. Molar mass of HNO₃ is 63 g/mol, so mass of HNO₃ needed = 0.5 × 63 = 31.5 g. Since the concentrated acid is 70% HNO₃, the mass of solution required = 31.5 / 0.70 = 45.0 g.

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