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An electric dipole has the magnitude of its charge as q and its dipole moment is p. It is placed in a uniform electric field E. If its dipole moment is along the direction of the field, the force on it and its potential energy are respectively

1. q.E and max.
2. 2.q.E and min.
3. q.E and p.E
4. zero and min.

Correct answer: zero and min.

Solution

In a uniform electric field, the net force on a dipole is zero because the forces on the two charges are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. When the dipole moment is aligned with the field, the potential energy is minimum.

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