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For a p-type semiconductor, which of the following statements is true?

1. Electrons are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.
2. Holes are the majority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.
3. Electrons are the majority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.
4. Holes are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.

Correct answer: Holes are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.

Solution

In a p-type semiconductor, trivalent atoms are used as dopants, creating holes as the majority carriers due to the absence of one electron in the valence shell of the dopant atoms.

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