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The energy band diagrams for three semiconductor sample of silicon are shown. It follows that.

1. Sample X is undoped while samples Y and Z have been doped with a third group and a fifth group impurity respectively
2. Sample X is undoped while both samples Y and Z have been doped with a fifth group impurity
3. Sample X has been doped with equal amounts of third and fifth group impurities while samples \( Y \) and \( z \) are undoped
4. Sample X is undoped while samples Y and Z have been doped with a fifth group and a third group impurity respectively

Correct answer: Sample X is undoped while samples Y and Z have been doped with a fifth group and a third group impurity respectively

Solution

An undoped silicon sample shows only the valence and conduction bands with the Fermi level near midgap. A fifth-group impurity creates a donor level close to the conduction band, while a third-group impurity creates an acceptor level close to the valence band, matching Y and Z respectively.

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