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A hollow metal sphere of radius R is uniformly charged. The electric field due to the sphere at a distance r from the centre:

1. increases as r increases for r < R and for r > R
2. zero as r increases for r < R, decreases as r increases for r > R
3. zero as r increases for r < R, increases as r increases for r > R
4. decreases as r increases for r < R and for r > R

Correct answer: zero as r increases for r < R, decreases as r increases for r > R

Solution

Inside a hollow charged sphere (r < R), the electric field is zero due to the spherical symmetry and Gauss's law. Outside the sphere (r > R), the field decreases with distance as it behaves like a point charge, following the inverse square law.

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