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The nuclear reaction is given as \( _{6} C^{11} \rightarrow_{5} B^{11}+\beta+X . \) Here, \( X \) is?

1. A proton
2. An electron
3. A neutrino
4. A neutron

Correct answer: A neutrino

Solution

Carbon-11 to boron-11 keeps mass number the same while atomic number drops by 1, which is characteristic of beta-plus decay or electron capture; with a beta particle shown, the missing accompanying particle is a neutrino to conserve lepton number and energy-momentum. The correct choice is a neutrino.

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