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It is not convenient to use a spherical Gaussian surface to find the electric field due to an electric dipole using Gauss's theorem because

1. Gauss's law fails in this case
2. This problem does not have spherical symmetry
3. Coulomb's law is more fundamental than Gauss's law
4. A spherical Gaussian surface will alter the dipole moment

Correct answer: This problem does not have spherical symmetry

Solution

Gauss's law is valid for any closed surface, but to calculate the field easily, the charge distribution must have sufficient symmetry. An electric dipole does not have spherical symmetry, so a spherical Gaussian surface does not help determine the field directly.

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