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A light bulb, a capacitor, and a battery are connected together as shown, with switch $S$ initially open. When switch $S$ is closed, which one of the following is true?

1. The bulb will light up for an instant when the capacitor starts charging
2. The bulb will light up when the capacitor is fully charged
3. The bulb will not light up at all
4. The bulb will light up and go off at regular intervals

Correct answer: The bulb will light up for an instant when the capacitor starts charging

Solution

When the switch is closed, the capacitor initially behaves like a short circuit, so current flows through the bulb and it glows briefly. As the capacitor charges, the current decreases to zero, so the bulb goes off. It does not glow continuously because steady current cannot pass through a fully charged capacitor.

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