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When a dipole aligns along the direction of an electric field, the net force acting on it becomes zero, and its potential energy reaches its lowest value, expressed as:

1. The net force is calculated as qE + (-qE) = 0
2. The potential energy is at its minimum: P.E. = -qαE
3. The dipole aligns with the electric field direction
4. None of these statements are correct

Correct answer: The potential energy is at its minimum: P.E. = -qαE

Solution

The potential energy of a dipole in an electric field is minimum when it aligns with the field, given by P.E. = -pE (where p = qα). This matches option B.

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