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Which of the following, when added as an impurity, into the silicon, produces n-type semiconductor?

1. Phosphorous
2. Aluminium
3. Magnesium
4. Both b and c

Correct answer: Phosphorous

Solution

Phosphorous is a pentavalent element, and when added to silicon, it donates extra electrons, creating an n-type semiconductor. Aluminium and magnesium are trivalent elements, which would create a p-type semiconductor instead.

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