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Carbon, silicon and germanium atoms have four valence electrons each. Their valence and conduction bands are separated by energy band gaps represented by (E_g)C, (E_g)Si, and (E_g)Ge respectively. Which one of the following relationships is true in their case?

1. (E_g)Si > (E_g)Ge < (E_g)C
2. (E_g)C < (E_g)Si
3. (E_g)C < (E_g)Si < (E_g)Ge
4. (E_g)C < (E_g)Ge

Correct answer: (E_g)C < (E_g)Si

Solution

The energy band gap decreases as we move down the group in the periodic table. Since carbon, silicon, and germanium belong to the same group, the correct order is (E_g)C > (E_g)Si > (E_g)Ge.

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