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In the energy band diagram of a material shown below, the open circles and filled circles denote holes and electrons respectively. The material is

1. an insulator
2. a metal
3. an n-type semiconductor
4. a p-type semiconductor

Correct answer: a p-type semiconductor

Solution

In a p-type semiconductor, the majority carriers are holes, which are represented by open circles in the energy band diagram. The presence of more holes than electrons indicates it is a p-type semiconductor.

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