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Assertion: An orbital designated by \( n= \) \( \mathbf{3}, l=\mathbf{1} \) has double dumb-bell shape Reason: It belongs to p-subshell.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
3. Assertion is true but reason is false
4. Both the assertion and reason are false E. Assertion is false but the reason is true

Correct answer: Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution

For n = 3, l = 1, the orbital is a 3p orbital. Orbitals with l = 1 are p-orbitals, which have a dumb-bell shape; the “double dumb-bell” description refers to the p-type angular distribution. Thus both statements are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

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