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The lanthanide contraction is responsible for the fact that

1. Zr and Y have about the same radius
2. Zr and Nb have similar oxidation state
3. Zr and Hf have about the same radius
4. Zr and Zn have the same oxidation states

Correct answer: Zr and Hf have about the same radius

Solution

The lanthanide contraction causes a decrease in atomic and ionic radii across the lanthanide series, making the radii of Zr and Hf nearly identical despite being in different periods.

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