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Which one of the elements with the following outer orbital configurations may exhibit the largest number of oxidation states?

1. 3d54s1
2. 3d54s2
3. 3d24s2
4. 3d34s2

Correct answer: 3d54s2

Solution

The configuration 3d5 4s2 corresponds to manganese, which can exhibit oxidation states ranging from -3 to +7 due to its half-filled d-orbital stability and variable electron participation.

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