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Which of the following reactions are disproportionation reactions? 2Cu+ → Cu2+ + Cu 3MnO4²⁻ + 4H⁺ → 2MnO4⁻ + MnO2 + 2H2O 2KMnO4 → K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 2MnO4⁻ + 3Mn2+ + 2H2O → 5MnO2 + 4H⁺

1. (a) and (b) only
2. (b), (a) and (c)
3. (c), (a) and (d)
4. (d), (a) and (b)

Correct answer: (b), (a) and (c)

Solution

A disproportionation reaction involves the same species being simultaneously oxidized and reduced. In (a), Cu+ is both oxidized to Cu2+ and reduced to Cu. In (b), MnO4²⁻ is oxidized to MnO4⁻ and reduced to MnO2. In (c), KMnO4 undergoes disproportionation. Thus, (a), (b), and (c) are correct.

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