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When an electron of charge 'e' and mass 'm' moves with a velocity 'v' about the nuclear charge 'Ze' in circular orbit of radius 'r', the potential energy of the electrons is given by

1. Ze² / r
2. -Ze² / r
3. Ze² / r²
4. mv² / r

Correct answer: -Ze² / r

Solution

The potential energy of an electron in a circular orbit is given by the formula -Ze² / r, where Z is the nuclear charge, e is the electron charge, and r is the radius of the orbit. The negative sign indicates the attractive nature of the electrostatic force.

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