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Which of the following statements correctly describes a reducing disaccharide?

1. A decrease in protein production results in thinner hair strands.
2. A decline in protein production can lead to thinner hair shafts, which can be observed microscopically. Additionally, the linear growth of hair allows for the determination of the bulb date by dividing the distance from the bulb by the growth rate.
3. Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate found in plant cell walls, composed of β-glucose units linked by β-glycosidic bonds.
4. Lactose is a sugar made up of β-D-galactose and β-D-glucose units connected by a β1-4 glycosidic bond. It constitutes about 2-8% of the solids in milk and derives its name from the Latin word for milk, combined with the suffix -ose used for sugars.

Correct answer: Lactose is a sugar made up of β-D-galactose and β-D-glucose units connected by a β1-4 glycosidic bond. It constitutes about 2-8% of the solids in milk and derives its name from the Latin word for milk, combined with the suffix -ose used for sugars.

Solution

Option D correctly describes lactose as a reducing disaccharide due to its β1-4 glycosidic linkage, allowing one of its monosaccharides to have a free aldehyde group in solution.

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