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GLUT1 and GLUT4 are glucose transporters that aid in moving glucose into insulin-responsive cells. GLUT1 operates independently of insulin and is found in various tissues, while GLUT4 requires insulin and plays a key role in glucose uptake in muscle and fat cells during anabolic states. Which of the following statements is correct?

1. A coenzyme or metal ion that is tightly associated with an enzyme protein is referred to as a prosthetic group. An enzyme that is catalytically active and includes its prosthetic group is called a holoenzyme.
2. A protein that becomes part of an active enzyme system by binding to a coenzyme and determines the substrate specificity of the system is known as an apoenzyme.
3. Nucleic acids are chains composed of nucleotide units.
4. Polysaccharides are long chains made up of monosaccharide units.

Correct answer: A protein that becomes part of an active enzyme system by binding to a coenzyme and determines the substrate specificity of the system is known as an apoenzyme.

Solution

The protein portion of an enzyme is the apoenzyme; when it binds its required cofactor/coenzyme, it becomes the active holoenzyme. The other choices describe correct general biology facts, but the keyed statement is the one defining the protein component that confers substrate specificity.

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