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In active transport, materials are transported across a membrane with the help of mobile carrier protein and ATP. In passive transport, substances move along the concentration gradient, i.e., from its higher concentration to its lower concentration.

1. Active transport involves the expenditure of energy for the movement of substances against concentration gradient.
2. Passive transport does not require energy and occurs along the concentration gradient.
3. Active transport requires mobile carrier proteins and ATP.
4. Passive transport involves the movement of substances from higher to lower concentration.

Correct answer: Active transport involves the expenditure of energy for the movement of substances against concentration gradient.

Solution

Active transport is defined by the use of energy, usually ATP, to move substances against their concentration gradient. That is exactly what the correct option states, while passive transport moves down the gradient without energy.

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