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The main difference between active and passive transport across cell membrane is:

1. active transport occurs more rapidly than passive transport.
2. passive transport is non-selective whereas active transport is selective.
3. passive transport requires a concentration gradient across a biological membrane whereas active transport requires energy to move solutes.
4. passive transport is confined to anionic carrier proteins whereas active transport is confined to cationic channel proteins.

Correct answer: passive transport requires a concentration gradient across a biological membrane whereas active transport requires energy to move solutes.

Solution

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport uses energy to move solutes, often against a gradient. That energy requirement is the key distinction.

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