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In the following reaction carbonyl compound + MeOH ⇌ acetal. Rate of the reaction is the highest for:

1. Propanal as substrate and methanol in stoichiometric amount
2. Propanal as substrate and methanol in excess
3. Acetone as substrate and methanol in stoichiometric amount
4. Acetone as substrate and methanol in excess

Correct answer: Propanal as substrate and methanol in excess

Solution

The reaction rate is highest when propanal is used as the substrate with methanol in excess because the presence of excess methanol shifts the equilibrium towards the formation of the acetal, thus enhancing the reaction rate.

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