Question 1

Which of the following compounds is employed in photography?

Accepted Answer

Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3). Sodium thiosulfate is commonly used in photography as a fixing agent, which helps to remove unexposed silver halides from photographic films and papers, thereby stabilizing the image.

Question 2

DDT undergoes a slow transformation to which of the following products?

Accepted Answer

p,p'-Dichlorodiphenylethylene. DDT slowly eliminates HCl (dehydrohalogenation) to form DDE, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethylene). This persistent metabolite is what accumulates in the environment.

Question 3

Aspirin is formed by acetylating which compound?

Accepted Answer

o-Hydroxybenzoic acid. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is made by acetylating the phenolic -OH of o-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) with acetic anhydride. The carboxyl group is retained and the OH becomes an acetate ester.

Question 4

Denaturation of alcohol refers to the process of adding which of the following to commercial alcohol so that it becomes unfit for drinking?

Accepted Answer

Adding CuSO4 to impart colour and pyridine as the foul-smelling agent. Denaturation adds copper sulphate (CuSO4) to impart a blue colour and pyridine to give a foul smell/taste, making the alcohol unfit for drinking.

Question 5

Mass poisoning deaths associated with contaminated liquor are mainly caused by the presence of which substance?

Accepted Answer

Methyl alcohol in the liquor. Deaths from spurious/contaminated liquor are mainly due to methyl alcohol (methanol), which is metabolised to formaldehyde and formic acid causing blindness and death.

Question 6

Arsenic-containing medicines are primarily employed in the management of which disease?

Accepted Answer

Syphilis. Organoarsenic compounds such as Salvarsan (arsphenamine) were the classic chemotherapeutic agents used to treat syphilis. Hence arsenic-containing medicines are primarily associated with syphilis.

Question 7

Which of the following is the chemical identity of the antiseptic chloroxylenol?

Accepted Answer

4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol. Chloroxylenol (the active antiseptic in Dettol) is 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol: a phenol with two methyl groups at the 3,5 positions and chlorine para (position 4) to the OH.

Question 8

Which of the following is used as a tranquilizing agent?

Accepted Answer

Valium. Valium (diazepam) is a benzodiazepine tranquilizer used to relieve anxiety and induce calm. Promethazine is an antihistamine, naproxen is an NSAID analgesic, and mifepristone is an anti-progestin, so Valium is the tranquilizing agent.

Question 9

Which of the following cannot serve as a fixative in perfumes?

Accepted Answer

Glyceryl dinitrate. Perfume fixatives reduce evaporation of volatile components; benzoin (resin), sandalwood oil and glyceryl diacetate (diacetin) all serve as fixatives. Glyceryl dinitrate (nitroglycerin type) is an explosive and is not used as a fixative.

Question 10

Detergents are obtained by first treating which starting material with H2SO4 and then neutralizing the product?

Accepted Answer

lauryl alcohol. Anionic detergents are made by treating a long-chain alcohol such as lauryl alcohol with concentrated H2SO4 to form lauryl hydrogen sulfate, which is then neutralized with NaOH to give sodium lauryl sulfate, a common detergent.

Question 11

Which of the following pairings is incorrect?
(i) Proteins essential for the body's communication system — Receptors
(ii) Drugs that imitate the natural chemical messenger by activating the receptor — Antagonists
(iii) Drugs that bind to a receptor and block its normal action — Agonists

Accepted Answer

(d) (ii) and (iii). Receptors are indeed the body's communication proteins, so (i) is correct. A drug that mimics the natural messenger and activates the receptor is an AGONIST (not antagonist), so (ii) is wrong. A drug that binds and blocks the receptor's normal action is an ANTAGONIST (not agonist), so (iii) is wrong. Thus the incorrect pairings are (ii) and (iii).

Question 12

The antiseptic sold under the brand name Dettol is composed of which pair of substances?

Accepted Answer

chloroxylenol and terpenol. Dettol is a mixture of chloroxylenol (4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol), the active antiseptic, together with terpineol. Hence the correct pair is chloroxylenol and terpineol.

Question 13

Which of the following is a drug that may be used for pain relief but is known to cause dependence and changes in mood?

Accepted Answer

Morphine. Morphine is an opioid analgesic that effectively alleviates pain but is also associated with a high potential for dependence and can significantly alter mood due to its effects on the brain's reward system.

Question 14

Benzalkonium chloride is classified as a

Accepted Answer

cationic surfactant with antiseptic action. Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt, i.e. a cationic surfactant, widely used as an antiseptic/disinfectant. It is soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol and acetone, so the correct description is 'cationic surfactant with antiseptic action'.

Question 15

Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic derivative of which antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin. Amoxicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic produced by chemically modifying the penicillin nucleus (6-aminopenicillanic acid), so it is a semisynthetic derivative of penicillin.

Question 16

Choose the statement that is not correct.

Accepted Answer

A drug that destroys organisms inside the body is termed bacteriostatic.. A substance that kills/destroys microorganisms is termed bactericidal; bacteriostatic agents only inhibit their growth and multiplication. Hence the statement calling such a drug 'bacteriostatic' is the incorrect one.

Question 17

Antibiotics that act chiefly on either Gram-positive bacteria or Gram-negative bacteria are called X. Antibiotics that work against only one specific organism or one particular disease are called Y. What are X and Y?

Accepted Answer

X = Narrow spectrum antibiotics. Y = Limited spectrum antibiotics.. Antibiotics effective against a range of either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria are NARROW spectrum (broad spectrum acts on both). Antibiotics effective against a single organism or disease are LIMITED spectrum. Hence X = narrow spectrum and Y = limited spectrum.

Question 18

A detergent that is structurally biodegradable is expected to have which type of hydrocarbon chain?

Accepted Answer

A straight-chain alkyl group. Detergents with straight (linear) alkyl chains are readily broken down by microorganisms and are biodegradable, whereas highly branched chains resist microbial attack and are non-biodegradable. So a biodegradable detergent has a straight-chain alkyl group.

Question 19

The term "H1-receptor antagonists" is associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines. H1-receptor antagonists are drugs that block the H1 type of histamine receptor, so they act as antihistamines (used for allergies). They are not antiseptics.

Question 20

Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Polystyrene is used in the manufacture of non-stick cookware.. The incorrect statement is that polystyrene is used for non-stick cookware - that material is Teflon (PTFE). Sulfadiazine is indeed a synthetic antibacterial sulfa drug, aspirin is both analgesic and antipyretic, and some disinfectants can be used as antiseptics at lower concentration.

Question 21

Why are aluminium salts commonly included in most deodorant formulations?

Accepted Answer

They function as antiperspirants. Aluminium salts such as aluminium chlorohydrate are added to deodorants because they act as antiperspirants: they form a temporary gel plug in the sweat ducts and reduce perspiration, which in turn limits the bacterial breakdown that causes odour.

Question 22

What are the chemical signals employed by insects for communication known as?

Accepted Answer

Pheromones. Pheromones are specialized chemical substances that insects release to communicate with one another, often to signal danger, attract mates, or mark territory, making them essential for social interactions within insect populations.

Question 23

Antiseptics and disinfectants either destroy microorganisms or stop their multiplication. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Weak solutions of boric acid and hydrogen peroxide are strong antiseptics.. Weak solutions of boric acid and hydrogen peroxide are not considered strong antiseptics; they are generally milder and less effective than stronger antiseptics, making this statement incorrect.

Question 24

Which of the following is not used as an artificial sweetening agent?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose. Sucrose is a natural sugar found in many plants and is not considered an artificial sweetener, unlike the other options which are synthesized to provide sweetness without the calories of sugar.

Question 25

Which of the following best describes a broad-spectrum antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Acts on a wide range of antigens. A broad-spectrum antibiotic is effective against a wide range of disease-causing microorganisms (a wide range of antigens/pathogens), unlike narrow-spectrum antibiotics which act on only a few. Hence it acts on a wide range of antigens.

Question 26

Fluoride in drinking water is considered desirable up to about 1 ppm because fluoride helps harden tooth enamel by transforming [3Ca3(PO4)2.Ca(OH)2] into which compound?

Accepted Answer

[3(Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2]. Fluoride enhances the strength of tooth enamel by replacing hydroxide ions in hydroxyapatite, which is represented by the formula [3(Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2], thus forming a more resilient compound that helps prevent cavities.

Question 27

Which one of the following types of drugs reduces fever ?

Accepted Answer

Antipyretic. Antipyretics are specifically designed to lower fever by acting on the hypothalamus to regulate body temperature, making them the correct choice for reducing fever.

Question 28

Aspirin is known as:

Accepted Answer

Acetyl salicylic acid. Aspirin is chemically identified as acetyl salicylic acid, which reflects its structure as an acetyl derivative of salicylic acid, making option A the correct choice.

Question 29

Which of the following compounds is not an antacid ?

Accepted Answer

Phenelzine. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor used primarily as an antidepressant, whereas the other options, including ranitidine, aluminium hydroxide, and cimetidine, are specifically designed to neutralize stomach acid and treat conditions like heartburn and ulcers.

Question 30

Which of the following is an anionic detergent?

Accepted Answer

Sodium lauryl sulphate.. Sodium lauryl sulphate is classified as an anionic detergent because it contains a negatively charged sulfate group, which allows it to effectively reduce surface tension and emulsify oils and fats in water.

Question 31

The correct match between Item-I and Item-II is:
Item-I (Drug)
A. Chloroxylenol
B. Norethindrone
C. Sulphapyridine
D. Penicillin
Item-II (Test)
p. Carbylamine test
q. Sodium hydrogen carbonate test
r. Ferric chloride test
s. Bayer's test

Accepted Answer

A → r; B → s; C → p; D → q. The correct option matches each drug with its specific test: Chloroxylenol is identified using the Ferric chloride test, Norethindrone is tested with Bayer's test, Sulphapyridine is confirmed through the Carbylamine test, and Penicillin is assessed using the Sodium hydrogen carbonate test.

Question 32

The gas leaked from a storage tank of the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal gas tragedy was -

Accepted Answer

Methyl isocyanate. Methyl isocyanate was the toxic gas released during the Bhopal gas tragedy, which caused widespread harm due to its highly reactive and lethal properties.

Question 33

The correct match between items of List-I and List-II is [JEE-Main On line-2018]
List-I
(A) Phenelzine
(B) Chloroxylenol
(C) Uracil
(D) Ranitidine
List-II
(p) Pyrimidine
(q) Furan
(r) Hydrazine
(s) Phenol

Accepted Answer

(A)-(r); (B)-(s); (C)-(p); (D)-(q). Phenelzine is a hydrazine derivative, making it match with (r). Chloroxylenol is a phenolic compound, matching it with (s). Uracil is a pyrimidine, corresponding to (p), and Ranitidine is related to furan, aligning with (q).

Question 34

The recommended concentration of fluoride ion in drinking water is up to 1 ppm as fluoride ion is required to make teeth enamel harder by converting [3Ca3(PO4)2.Ca(OH)2] to:

Accepted Answer

[3(Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2]. Fluoride ions react with hydroxyapatite in tooth enamel, which is represented by the formula [3Ca3(PO4)2.Ca(OH)2], to form fluorapatite, denoted as [3(Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2]. This conversion enhances the enamel's resistance to decay, making it harder and more durable.

Question 35

The correct match between Item I and Item II is:
Item I
(A) Allosteric effect
(B) Competitive inhibitor
(C) Receptor
(D) Poison
Item II
(P) M molecule binding to the active site of enzyme
(Q) M molecule crucial for communication in the body
(R) M molecule binding to a site other than the a

Accepted Answer

(A)→(R); (B)→(P); (C)→(Q); (D)→(S). Allosteric effect -> binding to a site other than the active site (R); competitive inhibitor -> binding to the active site (P); receptor -> molecule crucial for communication (Q); poison -> binding covalently (S). So (A)->R, (B)->P, (C)->Q, (D)->S.

Question 36

The correct match between Item-I and Item-II is:
Item-I (drug)
(A) Chloroxylenol
(B) Norethindrone
(C) Sulphapyridine
(D) Penicillin
Item-II (test)
(P) Carbylamine test
(Q) Sodium hydrogen carbonate test
(R) Ferric chloride test
(S) Bayer's test

Accepted Answer

A → R; B → S; C → P; D → Q. Chloroxylenol is a phenol -> ferric chloride test (R). Norethindrone has a terminal alkyne -> Baeyer's test (S). Sulphapyridine has a primary aromatic amine -> carbylamine test (P). Penicillin has a -COOH group -> sodium hydrogen carbonate test (Q). So A->R, B->S, C->P, D->Q.

Question 37

The compound used in the treatment of lead poisoning is:

Accepted Answer

EDTA. EDTA (as its calcium-disodium salt) chelates Pb2+ and is the agent used in the treatment of lead poisoning. cis-platin is anticancer, while D-penicillamine and desferrioxime B remove excess copper and iron.

Question 38

Noradrenaline is a/an:

Accepted Answer

(4) Neurotransmitter. Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) is a neurotransmitter released at nerve endings to transmit signals; low levels are linked to depression but the substance itself is a neurotransmitter.

Question 39

If you spill a chemical toilet cleaning liquid on your hand, your first aid would be:

Accepted Answer

aqueous NaHCO3. Aqueous NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) is a mild alkaline solution that can help neutralize acidic substances, making it suitable for treating spills from acidic toilet cleaning liquids. It can help alleviate irritation and reduce the harmful effects of the chemical on the skin.

Question 40

Match the following drugs with their therapeutic actions:
(i) Ranitidine
(ii) Nardil (Phenelzine)
(iii) Chloramphenicol
(iv) Dimetane (Brompheniramine)
(a) Antidepressant
(b) Antibiotic
(c) Antihistamine
(d) Antacid
(e) Analgesic

Accepted Answer

(i)-(d); (ii)-(a); (iii)-(b); (iv)-(c). Ranitidine is an antacid (d), Nardil/phenelzine is an antidepressant (a), chloramphenicol is an antibiotic (b), and Dimetane/brompheniramine is an antihistamine (c). So (i)-d, (ii)-a, (iii)-b, (iv)-c.

Question 41

The mechanism of action of "Terfenadine" (Seldane) is:

Accepted Answer

Inhibits the action of histamine receptor. Terfenadine works by blocking histamine H1 receptors, which prevents histamine from exerting its effects, thereby alleviating allergic symptoms.

Question 42

The presence of soluble fluoride ion upto 1 ppm concentration in drinking water, is -

Accepted Answer

safe for teeth. About 1 ppm of soluble fluoride in drinking water is the recommended level; it strengthens enamel (as fluoroapatite) and prevents tooth decay, so it is safe for teeth. Harm (fluorosis) only occurs at much higher concentrations.

Question 43

Green chemistry in day-to-day life is the use of:
(1) Chlorine for bleaching of paper
(2) Large amount of water alone for washing clothes
(3) Tetrachloroethene for laundry
(4) Liquified CO2 for dry cleaning of clothes

Accepted Answer

(4) Liquified CO2 for dry cleaning of clothes. Liquified CO2 is considered a green chemistry option because it is a non-toxic, environmentally friendly solvent that reduces the use of harmful chemicals in dry cleaning processes, making it a more sustainable choice.

Question 44

Match List-I with List-II:
List-I (Drug)
(a) Furacin
(b) Arsphenamine
(c) Dimetone
(d) Valium
List-II (Class of Drug)
(i) Antibiotic
(ii) Tranquilizers
(iii) Antiseptic
(iv) Synthetic antihistamines
Choose the most appropriate match:

Accepted Answer

(a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii). Furacin is an antiseptic used for treating wounds, Arsphenamine is an antibiotic historically used for syphilis, Dimetone is a synthetic antihistamine, and Valium is classified as a tranquilizer, making option D the correct match.

Question 45

Which of the following is not a broad-spectrum antibiotic ?
(1) Vancomycin
(2) Ampicillin
(3) Ofloxacin
(4) Penicillin G

Accepted Answer

Penicillin G. Penicillin G is primarily effective against gram-positive bacteria and has limited activity against gram-negative bacteria, making it a narrow-spectrum antibiotic compared to the others listed, which target a wider range of pathogens.

Question 46

Drugs used to bind to receptors, inhibiting its natural function and blocking a message are called:

Accepted Answer

(2) Antagonists. Antagonists are substances that attach to receptors and prevent them from activating, thereby blocking the natural function and signaling of those receptors.

Question 47

Some drugs bind to a site other than the active site of an enzyme. This site is known as

Accepted Answer

allosteric site. The allosteric site is a specific location on an enzyme where molecules can bind, leading to a change in the enzyme's shape and activity, distinct from the active site where substrate binding occurs.

Question 48

Which one of the following is an example of artificial sweetner ?

Accepted Answer

Alitame. Alitame is a synthetic compound designed to mimic the sweetness of sugar, making it an artificial sweetener, while the other options are not used for sweetening.

Question 49

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: Phenolphthalein is a pH dependent indicator, remains colourless in acidic solution and gives pink colour in basic medium.
Reason R: Phenolphthalein is a weak acid. It doesn’t

Accepted Answer

A is true but R is false. Phenolphthalein is colourless in acid and pink in base, so A is true. But it is precisely its dissociation (and ring-opening to the pink quinoid form) in basic medium that produces the colour, so R, claiming it does not dissociate in base, is false. Hence A is true but R is false.

Question 50

Statements about Enzyme Inhibitor Drugs are given below:
(a) There are Competitive and Non-competitive inhibitor drugs.
(b) These can bind at the active sites and allosteric sites.
(c) Competitive Drugs are allosteric site blocking drugs.
(d) Non-competitive Drugs are active site blocking

Accepted Answer

(a), (b) only. Statements (a) and (b) are correct because enzyme inhibitors can indeed be classified into competitive and non-competitive types, and they can bind to both active and allosteric sites on enzymes. Statements (c) and (d) are incorrect as competitive inhibitors bind to active sites, while non-competitive inhibitors do not block the active site but rather bind elsewhere.

JEE Main Chemistry: Chemistry in Everyday Life questions with solutions

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