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Match each instrument in List-I with the principle on which it works in List-II. List-I: (P) Hot wire ammeter, (Q) Moving coil galvanometer, (R) Transformer, (S) Post office box List-II: (1) Heating effect of current, (2) Mutual induction, (3) Magnetic effect of current, (4) Wheatstone bridge principle

1. P -> 1; Q -> 2; R -> 3; S -> 4
2. P -> 1; Q -> 3; R -> 2; S -> 4
3. P -> 2; Q -> 4; R -> 1; S -> 3
4. P -> 3; Q -> 1; R -> 4; S -> 2

Correct answer: P -> 1; Q -> 3; R -> 2; S -> 4

Solution

Hot wire ammeter: current heats a fine wire by the Joule effect, causing thermal expansion — heating effect of current (1). Moving coil galvanometer: a current-carrying coil experiences a torque in a magnetic field — magnetic effect of current (3). Transformer: energy is transferred between two coils by mutual induction (2). Post office box: a precision resistance-measuring instrument based on the Wheatstone bridge principle (4).

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