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Match each species in Column I with its correct bonding description in Column II. Column I: (A) NO3- (B) (CH3)2O (C) SO3 (D) SO4²- Column II: (P) Only pi(p-d) bonding present (Q) No pi(p-p) and no pi(p-d) bonding (R) Only pi(p-p) bonding present (S) Both pi(p-p) and pi(p-d) bonding present

1. A-S, B-Q, C-P, D-R
2. A-S, B-R, C-Q, D-P
3. A-R, B-Q, C-S, D-P
4. A-R, B-Q, C-P, D-S

Correct answer: A-R, B-Q, C-S, D-P

Solution

A) NO3-: nitrogen and oxygen are both second-period elements. The resonance delocalization involves p-p pi bonding. No d orbitals involved. -> R (Only p-p pi bonding). B) (CH3)2O: dimethyl ether; oxygen is sp3 hybridized. Lone pairs on O are not in p-type geometry for pi overlap. -> Q (No pi bonding). C) SO3: sulfur (third period) can use d orbitals. The structure has both p-p pi (from O) and p-d pi contributions (sulfur d-orbital participation). -> S (Both p-p and p-d). D) SO4²-: the extra negative charges and tetrahedral symmetry reduce p-p pi. Bonding is primarily through p-d overlap (sulfur d-orbitals). -> P (Only p-d pi). Matching: A-R, B-Q, C-S, D-P.

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