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Which of the following occurrences is primarily influenced by hydrogen bonding?

1. Ice being less dense than liquid water
2. Primary amines exhibiting greater basicity than tertiary amines in water
3. Formic acid showing stronger acidity compared to acetic acid
4. Acetic acid forming dimers in benzene

Correct answer: Ice being less dense than liquid water

Solution

Hydrogen bonding is responsible for the unique property of ice being less dense than liquid water, as it creates a cage-like structure in ice that increases its volume, making it less dense than the more closely packed molecules in liquid water.

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