IBPS PO General Awareness: Profit, Loss and Discount questions with solutions

Q1. Passage: The table shows the basic pay, sales target, sales achieved, and number of units sold by four persons in 2018. Each unit costs ₹20. Sales target = 2.5 × basic pay. Incentive: more than 80% = ₹10,500; 60%–80% = ₹7,500; less than 60% = ₹6,000. Question: Find the incentive amount earned by B (in ₹).

1. 10500
2. 6000
3. None of these
4. 7500

Answer: 10500

B's incentive depends on the percentage of sales achieved compared with the sales target. Since B's achievement is above 80% of the target, the applicable incentive is ₹10,500.

Q2. Article X: CP:MP = 8:15. Profit% is 80% more than discount%. 600 units sold, revenue = ₹75,000. Article Y: CP = 70% of MP. Profit:Discount = 2:1. 700 units sold, revenue = ₹1,26,000. Find ratio of SP of each X article to CP of each Y article.

1. 15:22
2. 21:26
3. 25:28
4. 27:31

Answer: 25:28

SP_X=75000/600=125. CP_X=8k,MP_X=15k. Profit%=1.8d. Solving profit equation with SP=125: k=10.9375, CP_X=87.5. SP_Y=126000/700=180. Y: CP=0.7MP, profit=2m,discount=m. 0.3MP-m=2m → MP=10m. SP=9m=180 → m=20, MP=200, CP=140. Ratio=125:140=25:28.