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In the differential amplifier shown in the figure, the magnitudes of the common-mode and differential-mode gains are A_cm and A_d, respectively. If the resistance R_E is increased, then

1. A_cm increases
2. common-mode rejection ratio increases
3. A_d increases
4. common-mode rejection ratio decreases

Correct answer: common-mode rejection ratio increases

Solution

Increasing the resistance R_E enhances the differential amplifier's ability to reject common-mode signals, thereby improving the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). This occurs because a higher R_E increases the gain for differential signals while reducing the gain for common-mode signals.

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