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TCP client P successfully establishes a connection to TCP server Q. Let N_P denote the sequence number in the SYN sent from P to Q. Let N_Q denote the acknowledgement number in the SYN ACK from Q to P. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

1. The sequence number N_P is chosen randomly by P
2. The sequence number N_P is always 0 for a new connection
3. The acknowledgement number N_Q is equal to N_P
4. The acknowledgement number N_Q is equal to N_P + 1

Correct answer: The acknowledgement number N_Q is equal to N_P + 1

Solution

The acknowledgement number N_Q is set to N_P + 1 because it indicates that the server Q has received the SYN packet from client P and is acknowledging the next expected sequence number, which is one more than the initial sequence number sent by P.

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