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A user starts browsing a webpage hosted at a remote server. The browser opens a single TCP connection to fetch the entire webpage from the server. The webpage consists of a top-level index page with multiple embedded image objects. Assume that all caches (e.g., DNS cache, browser cache) are all initially empty. The following packets leave the user’s computer in some order. (i) HTTP GET request for the index page (ii) DNS request to resolve the web server’s name to its IP address (iii) HTTP GET request for an image object (iv) TCP SYN to open a connection to the web server Which one of the following is the CORRECT chronological order (earliest in time to latest) of the packets leaving the computer?

1. (iv), (ii), (iii), (i)
2. (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)
3. (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
4. (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)

Correct answer: (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)

Solution

The correct order starts with the DNS request to resolve the server's name, as the browser needs the IP address before establishing a connection. Next, the TCP SYN packet is sent to open a connection to the server. After the connection is established, the browser sends the HTTP GET request for the index page, followed by requests for any embedded image objects.

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