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Consider the statements P and Q related to the analysis/design of retaining walls. P: When a rough retaining wall moves toward the backfill, the wall friction force/resistance mobilizes in upward direction along the wall. Q: Most of the earth pressure theories calculate the earth pressure due to surcharge by neglecting the actual distribution of stresses due to surcharge. Which one of the following options is CORRECT?

1. Both P and Q are TRUE
2. P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
3. Both P and Q are FALSE
4. P is FALSE and Q is TRUE

Correct answer: Both P and Q are TRUE

Solution

Both statements are accurate; P correctly describes the behavior of wall friction in response to movement, while Q highlights a common simplification in earth pressure theories regarding surcharge effects.

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