SSC CGL (Prelims) General: Geomorphology questions with solutions

Q1. Choose the correctly matched landform and its formation:

1. Delta – Formed by glacial erosion
2. Meander – Formed by river deposition
3. Gorge – Created by wind action
4. Dune – Created by tectonic forces

Answer: Meander – Formed by river deposition

A meander is a bend in a river formed by fluvial processes, especially deposition on the inner bank and erosion on the outer bank. The other options incorrectly match landforms with their formation processes.

Q2. Which of the following pairs related to karst cave formations is correctly matched?

1. Stalactite — Deposits growing upward from the cave floor
2. Stalagmite — Formed from mineral-rich water dripping from the roof onto the floor
3. Soda straw — Thick column joining roof and floor
4. Flowstone — Pointed formation hanging from the ceiling

Answer: Stalagmite — Formed from mineral-rich water dripping from the roof onto the floor

Stalagmites are formed when mineral-rich water drips from the cave roof to the floor and deposits minerals there. Over time, these deposits build upward from the ground. The other options incorrectly describe stalactites, soda straws, or flowstone.

Q3. Which type of landslide features rotational backward movement of the displaced material?

1. Rockslide
2. Rock fall
3. Slump
4. Debris fall

Answer: Slump

A slump is a type of rotational slide in which the displaced material moves downward and outward along a curved slip surface. This backward rotation distinguishes it from rockslides and rock falls.