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Which of the following pairs related to karst cave formations is correctly matched?

1. Stalactite — Deposits growing upward from the cave floor
2. Stalagmite — Formed from mineral-rich water dripping from the roof onto the floor
3. Soda straw — Thick column joining roof and floor
4. Flowstone — Pointed formation hanging from the ceiling

Correct answer: Stalagmite — Formed from mineral-rich water dripping from the roof onto the floor

Solution

Stalagmites are formed when mineral-rich water drips from the cave roof to the floor and deposits minerals there. Over time, these deposits build upward from the ground. The other options incorrectly describe stalactites, soda straws, or flowstone.

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