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A car battery has e.m.f. 12 volt and internal resistance 5 × 10⁻² ohm. If it draws 60 amp current, the terminal voltage of the battery will be

1. 15 volt
2. 3 volt
3. 5 volt
4. 9 volt

Correct answer: 9 volt

Solution

The terminal voltage of a battery is given by V = E - Ir, where E is the e.m.f., I is the current, and r is the internal resistance. Substituting the values: V = 12 - (60 × 0.05) = 12 - 3 = 9 volts.

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