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Kirchhoff’s first and second laws for electrical circuits are consequences of

1. conservation of electric charge and energy respectively
2. conservation of electric charge
3. conservation of energy and electric charge respectively
4. conservation of energy

Correct answer: conservation of electric charge and energy respectively

Solution

Kirchhoff's first law (junction rule) is based on the conservation of electric charge, while Kirchhoff's second law (loop rule) is based on the conservation of energy in a closed circuit.

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